Effects of Integrated Intervention for the Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Objective To investigate effects of implementation of integrated intervention measures such as the active screening of multidrug-resistant bacteria, monitoring of hand hygiene compliance and antibiotic application on prevention and control of nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU). Methods From May 2011 to April 2013, a total of 10 577 infants were included in this study, and divided into pre-intervention group(n=4 122, hospitalization date from May 1st, 2011 to April 30th, 2012)and post-intervention group(n=6 455, hospitalization date from May 1st, 2012 to April 30th, 2013) according to their hospitalization date. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of Affiliated Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College.Informed consent was obtained from each participants' parents. Results There had significant differences in infection rates (6.23% vs. 5.31%) and case infection rates(7.52% vs. 6.35%) of NICU between two groups(χ2=3.99, 5.42; P 0.05). But there had significant difference on skin and soft-tissue between two groups(χ2=4.46, P<0.05). Escherichia coli(29.52%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.71%) were two of the most common bacteria in nosocomial infection patients in pre-intervention group.Klebsiella pneumoniae(36.50%) in post-intervention group was obviously higher than that of pre-intervention group(χ2=3.92, P<0.05). Conclusions Implementation of integrated intervention measures such as active screening of multi-drug resistant bacteria, monitoring of hand hygiene compliance and antibiotic application have an effect on reducing the incidence rate of nosocomial infections in NICU. Key words: Infant, newborn; Cross infection; Intervention studies