Abstract
Insect-proof net cultivation (IPN), rice-duck farming (RD), and organic matter return (OM) are important methods to realize sustainable development of rice production. A split-plot field experiment was performed to study the effects of IPN, RD, and OM on the rice yield, dry matter accumulation and N utilization. Results showed that compared to inorganic N fertilizer (IN), wheat straw return, and biogas residue return increased the rice yield by 2.11–4.28 and 4.78–7.67%, respectively, and also improved dry matter and N accumulation after the elongation stage (EG), dry matter and N translocation, and N recovery efficiency (NRE). These results attributed to an increase in leaf SPAD values and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) after the EG. Compared to conventional rice farming (CR), RD promoted the rice yield by 1.52–3.74%, and contributed to higher the leaf photosynthesis, dry matter and N accumulation, dry matter and N translocation, and NRE. IPN decreased the intensity of sun radiation in the nets due to the coverage of the insect-proof nets, which declined the leaf Pn, dry matter accumulation and translocation, N absorption and translocation, and NRE compared to open field cultivation (OFC). The rice yield of IPN were 2.48–4.98% lower than that of OFC. Compared to the interaction between CR and IN, the interaction between RD and OM improved the rice yield by 5.26–9.33%, and increased dry matter and N accumulation after the EG, dry matter and N translocation, and NRE. These results indicated that OM, RD and the interaction between RD and OM could promote dry matter accumulation and N utilization, which was beneficial to improve the rice yield.
Highlights
Rice is one of the main food crops worldwide and plays an important role in global food production and consumption
The wind speed of insect-proof net cultivation (IPN) was 0.01–0.73 m s−1 lower than that of open field cultivation (OFC), and CO2 concentration of IPN was decreased by 3.62–9.52% compared to OFC (Figure 1)
The N accumulation from the elongation stage (EG) to mature stage (MT) and the N translocation were positively correlated with the rice yield (Table 8)
Summary
Rice is one of the main food crops worldwide and plays an important role in global food production and consumption. With the continuous increasing world population, food security has become an increasingly important concern. Improvement in rice production is essential for ensuring global food security (Hu et al, 2013). Along with the decrease of agricultural land area and continuing of environmental deterioration (Kant et al, 2012), China and other developing countries are facing the dual challenge of increasing rice yield while at the same time reducing environmental threats (Chen et al, 2011). Rice yield is comprehensively influenced by cultivation environment, soil nutrients, and field management. The improvement of field management plays an important role in increasing rice yield
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