Effects of inhalation and intravenous anesthesia on intraoperative cardiopulmonary function and postoperative complications in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Abstract

There is a high incidence of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications after thoracic surgery with one lung ventilation (OLV), the effect of general anesthetics on intraoperative cardiopulmonary function and postoperative complications is still unclear. We searched the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Springer, Wiley, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia were compared; intraoperative cardiopulmonary function and postoperative complications were assessed in patients undergoing thoracic surgery with intraoperative one-lung ventilation (OLV). Twenty-three RCTs with a total of 1349 patients were included. Compared with intravenous anesthesia, inhalation anesthesia significantly increased pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) (mean: 5.72, 95% CI: 3.93 to 7.51, P<0.0001), and improved Cardiac Index (CI) (mean difference [MD]: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.28, P<0.0001), but decreased Oxygenation Index (OI) during OLV intraoperatively (MD: -27.37, 95% CI: -43.92 to -10.82, P=0.001). Inhalation anesthesia could reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (RR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.66, P<0.0001), but did not reduce postoperative cardiac adverse events (P>0.05). Inhalation anesthesia can preserve intraoperative cardiac function and reduce postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracic surgery with OLV; although it decreases intraoperative pulmonary function, inhalation anesthesia may be superior to intravenous anesthesia in thoracic surgery. Publication bias existed in some included studies, and the sample size was not large enough in CI and cardiac adverse events.