Abstract
Steel shot is required for waterfowl hunting in the United States, but hunter dissatisfaction with steel's perceived ballistic performance has reduced compliance with steel shot laws, contributed to the loss of waterfowl hunters nationwide, and renewed interest in an alternative non-toxic shot with ballistic qualities similar to lead shot. We evaluated the acute toxicity of an alternative shot by orally dosing 20 8-week-old game farm mallards (Arras platyrhyrrchos) with 12-17 pellets (x = 1.03 g) composed of tungsten, bismuth, and tin (TBT). Ducks were monitored for 32 days for evidence of intoxication. Eroded shot evident in radiographs taken 11 days post-dosing indicated acute exposure to the constituent metals, but no dosed or undosed birds died during the trial
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