Abstract
Dressings are commonly used to treat skin wounds. In this study, we aimed to develop a new scaffold composed of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing granule-lyophilised platelet-rich fibrin (G-L-PRF) as a dressing. G-L-PRF was prepared by freeze-drying and was then incorporated into PVA hydrogel by freezing-thawing. Notably, the mechanical strength and degradation rate of the scaffold were found to be related to G-L-PRF concentrations, reaching 6.451 × 10−2 MPa and 17–22%, respectively, at a concentration of 1%. However, the strength decreased and the degradation was accelerated when the G-L-PRF concentration was over 1%. The elastic properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold were independent of G-L-PRF concentration, and both showed excellent elasticity and biocompatibility. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-AB was no significant time dependent. Additionally, application of 1% G-L-PRF/PVA to acute full-thickness dorsal skin wounds accelerated wound closure at days 7 and 9. Healing also increased on day 11. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the scaffold enhanced granulation tissue, maturity, collagen deposition, and new vessel formation. These results demonstrated that the prepared G-L-PRF/PVA scaffolds accelerated wound healing in acute full-thickness skin wounds, suggesting potential applications as an ideal wound dressing.
Highlights
Full-thickness skin wounds caused by trauma, burns, and chronic diseases are serious conditions that are still challenging to treat[1]
granule-lyophilised platelet-rich fibrin (G-L-Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)) was loaded into Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels at 45 ± 5 °C by magnetic stirring and a modified freeze-thaw methods in order to protect growth factors produced by G-L-PRF from inactivation by the high temperature and repeated freeze-thaw cycles
We demonstrated that G-L-PRF/PVA provided sustained, controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) using HUVECs24,30
Summary
Full-thickness skin wounds caused by trauma, burns, and chronic diseases are serious conditions that are still challenging to treat[1]. Vascularisation is essential for wound healing, and biological base materials can simulate the extracellular matrix to repair skin damage; the use of a single substrate cannot induce sufficient blood vessel formation[17,18,19] Numerous growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor, facilitate cell proliferation, differentiation, and neovascularisation. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a new-generation platelet concentrate based on platelet-rich plasma[26,27,28] This material is rich in a variety of growth factors, including VEGF, PDGF, bFGF, and EGF, which play key roles in tissue repair. The healing properties were evaluated using acute full-thickness dorsal skin wounds created in normal mice
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