Abstract
Abstract The effects of ice microphysics on the mean state of tropical atmosphere and ocean are quantified using a coupled cloud–ocean model. The cloud-resolving model (CRM) treats explicitly the cloud-scale dynamics instead of using parameterization as is necessary in a general circulation model (GCM). The ocean model is a one-dimensional (1D) mixed layer model with a nonlocal K-profile parameterization to represent the vertical mixing in the oceanic surface boundary layer. Two sets of 40-day simulations attain radiative–convective–oceanic quasi-equilibrium states, one is a coupled simulation, the other has a fixed sea surface temperature (SST). Each set consists of two simulations, with a larger and smaller ice fall speed, respectively. The two coupled simulations (T0C and M2C) yield dramatically different radiative–convective–oceanic quasi-equilibrium states demonstrating the profound impact of ice microphysics on the water vapor, cloud, and radiation fields. The mean SST and mixed layer depth in M2C i...
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