Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α on bone conduction impairment in otitis media with effusion

Abstract

Conclusion: Elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in middle ear effusion may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bone conduction impairment associated with otitis media with effusion (OME). The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) expression. Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss associated with OME. Methods: One hundred and eight OME patients were divided into two groups: OME without bone conduction impairment (group 1) and OME with bone conduction impairment (group 2). The levels of HIF-1α, NO, and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the middle ear effusion and serum of these patients were investigated. The relationship between these factors and the bone conduction threshold (BCT) differences were analyzed. Results: The levels of HIF-1α and NO concentrations in the middle ear effusion were found to be significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (both p < 0.05). The OME patients' BCT differences at 4000 Hz were correlated with the levels of HIF-1α and the NO concentrations in the middle ear effusion. Furthermore, the HIF-1α levels were correlated with the levels of NO but not with the levels of QUIN in the effusion.