Abstract
Background: Bovine mastitis is a growing health problem, affecting both welfare of dairy cattle and milk production. It often leads to chronic infections, disturbing the quality of milk and resulting in cow death. Thus, it has a great economic impact for breeders. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol—a natural molecule which is the major constituent of many phyto-complexes—in an in vitro model of mastitis induced by LPS (1μg/mL). Results: Our results showed that hydroxytyrosol (10 and 25 μM) was able to prevent the oxidative stress induced by LPS (intracellular ROS, GSH and NOX-1) and the consequently inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol is also related to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant systems (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1 and Txnrd1). Moreover, hydroxytyrosol showed an important protective effect on cell functionality (α-casein S1, α-casein S2 and β-casein). Conclusions: Taken together, our results showed a significant protective effect of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in MAC-T cells. Thus, we indicated a possible important therapeutic role for hydroxytyrosol in the prevention or management of bovine mastitis.
Highlights
Bovine Mastitis is characterized by the inflammation of the mammary gland that occurs in response to several different stimuli, such as microorganism infection [1]
In order to evaluate the protective effect of HT on this parameter we evaluate the mRNA expressions of casein, including αS1, αS2 and β genes in MAC-T differentiated cell
Our results demonstrate that LPS challenge in MAC-T cell leads to an important increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory response, process that in differentiated MAC-T cells cause a significative impairment in cell functionality such as lactation
Summary
Bovine Mastitis is characterized by the inflammation of the mammary gland that occurs in response to several different stimuli, such as microorganism infection [1]. The udders of infected cows are one of the major reservoir of contagious pathogens. During milking they spread from cow to cow, inducing chronic subclinical infections. Environmental mastitis is defined as intramammary infections caused by pathogens of the environment in which the cow lives [3]. Environmental pathogens include Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Most those infections are characterized by a short duration [4]. It often leads to chronic infections, disturbing the quality of milk and resulting in cow death. It has a great economic impact for breeders. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol—a natural molecule which is the major constituent of many phyto-complexes—in an in vitro model of mastitis induced by LPS (1μg/mL)
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