Abstract
Climate change is a major environmental concern and is directly related to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. The increase in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), not only affects plant growth and development, but also affects the emission of plant organic volatile compounds (VOCs). Changes in the plant odor profile may affect the plant-insect interactions, especially the behavior of herbivorous insects. In this study, we compared the foraging behavior of corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings grown under contrasted CO2 concentrations. During the dual choice bioassays, the winged and wingless aphids were more attracted by the VOCs of barley seedlings cultivated under ambient CO2 concentrations (aCO2; 450 ppm) than barley seedlings cultivated under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2; 800 ppm), nymphs were not attracted by the VOCs of eCO2 barley seedlings. Then, volatile compositions from 14-d-old aCO2 and eCO2 barley seedlings were investigated by GC-MS. While 16 VOCs were identified from aCO2 barley seedlings, only 9 VOCs were found from eCO2 barley seedlings. At last, we discussed the potential role of these chemicals observed during choice bioassays. Our findings lay foundation for functional response of corn leaf aphid under climate change through host plant modifications.
Highlights
Since the industrial revolution, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has been steadily rising from approximately 280 ppm to 401 ppm (Mauna Loa Observatory: NOAA-ESRL)worldwide
The carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios of plants increase with the concentration of CO2 [2,5,6,7,8,9], which enhanced the photosynthetic rate of C3 plants, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) [10,11,12,13]
This work aims to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on foraging behavior of corn leaf aphids
Summary
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has been steadily rising from approximately 280 ppm to 401 ppm (Mauna Loa Observatory: NOAA-ESRL)worldwide. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has been steadily rising from approximately 280 ppm to 401 ppm (Mauna Loa Observatory: NOAA-ESRL). As CO2 is a substrate for plant photosynthesis, an increase in its concentration in the atmosphere directly impacts plant growth and composition [2,3,4,5]. The carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios of plants increase with the concentration of CO2 [2,5,6,7,8,9], which enhanced the photosynthetic rate of C3 plants, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) [10,11,12,13]. No consistent trend has been found in the response of insects to these allelochemicals adaptation [19]
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