Effects of Home-Based Pulmonary Training Program on Functional Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Despite the availability of various treatments, there is a growing interest in exploring more effective strategies to manage symptoms, enhance exercise capacity, and improve the quality of life for COPD patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation, including both supervised and home-based exercises, has emerged as a promising approach. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined approach of Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) with a home-based exercise regimen in improving functional exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with COPD, compared to ACBT alone. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial involving 44 COPD patients, divided into two groups: Group A received ACBT alone, while Group B participated in ACBT plus a home-based exercise program. The intervention lasted for four weeks. Outcome measures included the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for quality of life, the 30-second arm curl test for upper extremity function, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for lower extremity function. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests for between-group and pre-post intervention comparisons, respectively. Results: Group B showed more significant improvements in exercise capacity and respiratory symptoms compared to Group A. Specifically, the 6MWT distances increased from an average of 365.60±57.81 meters to 370.40±54.29 meters in Group B, indicating enhanced lower extremity function. Similarly, the SGRQ scores, reflecting quality of life, demonstrated more substantial improvement in Group B, though specific numerical results for this and the 30-second arm curl test were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that combining ACBT with a home-based exercise regimen significantly benefits COPD patients by improving functional exercise capacity and potentially enhancing the quality of life. This combined approach could serve as a viable addition to the COPD management strategy, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive, patient-centered care.