Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection progressively destroys CD4 + mononuclear cells leading to profound cellular immune deficiency that manifests as life threatening opportunistic infections and malignancies, i.e., the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The gut mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT, e.g., Peyer's patches) is a major locus of CD4 + cells. HIV's asymptomatic and insidious destruction of these cells compromises the integrity of the gut mucosa, allowing translocation (leakage) of microbes and other luminal contents into the circulation (Brenchley et al., 2004). Microbial translocation induces subtle but sustained and widespread immune activation, which is a major contributor to HIV's pathogenesis (Brenchley et al., 2006).
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