Abstract
Objectives: To use a quantitative approach to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on sleep for adults. Methods: PubMed, Ebsco, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to December 2020. Intervention studies with a control group that examined the effects of HIIT interventions on sleep were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the tool provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Effect sizes (ESs), calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) and standardized mean difference (SMD), were used to examine the effects of objective outcomes and subjective outcomes separately. Results: A large increase in sleep quality (SQ) reflected by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global scores [WMD = −0.90, 95%CI (−1.72, −0.07), p = 0.03, n = 8] and a small-to-medium favorable effect on sleep efficiency (SE) [SMD = 0.43, 95%CI (0.20, 0.65), p = 0.0002, n = 10] were found after HIIT intervention. In addition, sub-analyses results suggest that ESs were moderated by the type, duration and frequency, as well as the length of the HIIT intervention. Conclusions: HIIT may be a promising way to improve overall subjective SQ and objective SE. PROSPERO, protocol registration number: CRD42021241734.
Highlights
Sleep is essential for maintaining the health and well-being of individuals of all ages.For children and adolescents, the functions of sleep include promoting growth, learning, and cognitive development [1]
Our result indicates that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has small-to-medium favorable effects on sleep efficiency (SE) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.43, 95%CI (0.20, 0.65), p = 0.0002, n = 10] after removal of one study with high heterogeneity [34]
HIIT can be a promising alternative for the treatment of sleep disorders
Summary
Sleep is essential for maintaining the health and well-being of individuals of all ages. The functions of sleep include promoting growth, learning, and cognitive development [1]. For middle-aged and older adults, poor sleep quality is linked to poor living quality, low work efficiency, and many diseases, such as obesity, anxiety and depression [2,3,4]. An epidemiological survey shows that, with the growth of age, there are growing numbers of people experiencing sleep disorders for various reasons, which is the main cause of poor sleep quality [5,6]. It is of paramount importance to promote sleep quality for people of all ages
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