Abstract
Greenhouse studies were conducted to study the effect of herbicides, insecticides and herbicide–insecticide combinations on rutabaga emergence. Herbicides evaluated included; trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), R-7465 (2-(2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide), alachlor (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) and chlorthal (tetrachloroterephthalic acid). Insecticides studied were chlorfenvinphos (2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl phosphate) and fensulfothion (O,O-diethyl O-p-methyl sulfenyl) phenyl phosphorothioate). Zero insecticide and zero herbicide treatments were included for comparisons. Alachlor at all rates reduced rutabaga emergence significantly. Trifluralin at 1.12 kg/ha reduced emergence. Insecticides used did not reduce emergence significantly. Seventeen herbicide–insecticide combinations reduced emergence significantly. Of 17 interactions, 9 were synergistic, 3 were antagonistic and 5 were additive. Three combinations, chlorfenvinphos-R-7465 (0.56 kg/ha), chlorfenvinphos-chlorthal (8.96 kg/ha) and fensulfothion-R-7465 (0.56 kg/ha), did not reduce emergence. Interactions between these three combinations were antagonistic.
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