Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, Phlomis umbrosa Turcz., and Angelica gigas Nakai extract (CPAE) on the reduction of tail skin temperature (TST) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To evaluate TST reduction in ovariectomized rats, 125, 250, and 1000 mg/kg CPAE was administered to rats for 1 week. The measurement of TST after the induction of artificial stress revealed a significant temperature reduction effect in the CPAE administration group (ppp<0.01). In addition, in a drug interaction test between tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen drug, and CPAE, no significant difference was found between the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles after the administration of tamoxifen only and the combination of tamoxifen and CPAE. We also found that CPAE did not affect CYP2d4 and CYP3a2, which affect tamoxifen metabolism, in a subsequent experiment on liver tissues extracted during the drug interaction test. In this study, we found that CPAE inhibited temperature increase on the tail skin of OVX rats, and therefore is effective in the improvement of hot flashes. CPAE may be potentially used for the improvement of hot flashes induced by the administration of tamoxifen.
Highlights
Owing to the increased human life expectancy that has resulted from socioeconomic advancements and developments in medical technology, the post-menopausal period accounts for over one-third of a woman’s lifespan
In estrogen-deficient rats, the dilation of blood vessels leads to increased tail skin temperature (TST)
A similar mechanism occurs in menopausal women to give rise to hot flashes; various studies have used this technique to assess hot flashes [23,24,25,26]
Summary
Owing to the increased human life expectancy that has resulted from socioeconomic advancements and developments in medical technology, the post-menopausal period accounts for over one-third of a woman’s lifespan. Most women in Korea experience menopause at 51-52 years of age. A loss of ovarian function occurs over a 5-10-year period before and after menopause. The menopause causes major changes in the body, including changes in the hormones released from the ovaries. This can lead to an irregular menstrual cycle, reduced vaginal discharge, unstable autonomic nerve function, and hot flashes and sweating [4]. As the changes in ovarian function typically occur in the year after menopause, these changes occur at between 39 and 51 years of age in 95% of women, and the menopausal period lasts 5 years on average. Menopause occurs over a period of 2-8 years in 95% of women [5]
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