Effects of Hen Age and Egg Weight Class on the Hatchability of Free Range Indigenous Chicken Eggs

AM Abudabos,RM Al-Atiyat,RS Aljumaah,H Al-Sornokh,AS Algawaan

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0264

Abstract

ABSTRACT In total, 806 eggs of free-range Hassawi indigenous chickens were collected from local farm in Saudi Arabia. Eggs were weekly collected for 11 weeks. Initial egg weight (IEW) was recorded, and eggs were graded into four classes (A: 35-40 g, B: 40-45 g, C: 45-50 g, and D: 50-55 g). Eggs were stored for seven days at 75-80% relative humidity and 14-16 C, after which egg weight losses (WL0) were calculated. During incubation, eggs were weighed on days 7 (W7) and 14 (W14), and egg weight losses on days 7 (WL7) and 14 (WL14), and total loss (WL0-14) were calculated. Hatchling weight (CW) was measured. The proportion of CW relative to egg weight loss (WL) on days0, 7 and 14 days of incubation (CW:WL0; CW:WL7 and CW:WL14, respectively), and break out analyses, fertility (F),total hatchability (HC) and hatchability of fertile eggs (HF) were also calculated. IEW decreased (p<0.05) with hen age. Stored egg weight (SEW) were decreased as hen age increased (p<0.05). WL7, WL14 and WL0-14 showed significant differences (p<0.001) and increased up to first six-week of egg collection time. Hen age affected CW:WL before incubation, and on days 7 and 14 of incubation. Fertility (F) was affected (p<0.05) in unpredicted way of increasing and decreasing by hen age. Egg weight class affected SEW, W7and W14 (p<0.001). Class D eggs were the highest weight. Class C eggs had highest HC. In summary, hatching eggs of Hassawi hens were affected by hen age and egg weight in randomly increase and decrease .

Highlights

Indigenous chickens play a major role in providing rich protein sources, such as eggs and meat, to low-income households in the rural areas of tropical regions (Albokhadaim, 2012)
Saudi Arabia has some indigenous chicken ecotypes, such as the Hassawi chicken, which originates from the Eastern region of the country, where harsh environmental conditions are predominant and poor performances was reported (Al-Aqil, 1998)
Initial egg weight (IEW) was affected by collection week or hen’s age (p

Summary

Introduction

Indigenous chickens play a major role in providing rich protein sources, such as eggs and meat, to low-income households in the rural areas of tropical regions (Albokhadaim, 2012). Indigenous chickens are better adapted to endemic diseases and other harsh environmental conditions. Their production system is simple: they are maintained in free range during the day and in elementary shelters during the night. Saudi Arabia has some indigenous chicken ecotypes, such as the Hassawi chicken, which originates from the Eastern region of the country, where harsh environmental conditions are predominant and poor performances was reported (Al-Aqil, 1998). The eggs of this indigenous breed have lower egg mass compared with those of commercial laying strains. Despite the importance of this ecotype for local communities, few studies have been performed to characterize its production cycle and to improve its productivity

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Results

Conclusion