Abstract
BackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Helichrysum bracteatum (H. bracteatum) flower extracts in vitro.MethodsH. bracteatum flowers were extracted with water, ethanol and 1,3-butylene glycol, and the anti-oxidative activities of the extracts were measured using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The inhibition of the expression of inflammation-related genes, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was evaluated in vitro using reverse transcription-PCR in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa cells). To investigate the inhibitory effects of H. bracteatum flower extracts on UVB-induced inflammatory responses in HEKa cells, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; statistical significance was calculated using the Student’s t-test.ResultsThe DPPH assay results showed that H. bracteatum flower extracts have good anti-oxidative effects and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α. Moreover, the production of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by H. bracteatum flower extracts.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that H. bracteatum flower extracts have efficacy against UVB-induced inflammation-related gene expression.
Highlights
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Helichrysum bracteatum (H. bracteatum) flower extracts in vitro
The results showed that the anti-oxidative effects of H. bracteatum flower extracts increased in a concentrationdependent manner
Cell viability after treatment with H. bracteatum flower extracts The viability of Human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKa) cells was measured after treatment for 24 h with H. bracteatum flower extracts at concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 μg/mL
Summary
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Helichrysum bracteatum (H. bracteatum) flower extracts in vitro. Skin serves as a barrier between the human body and environmental stresses, such as pollution, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and other factors. As a result of environmental stress-mediated ROS synthesis, a wide array of signalling pathways can be aberrantly activated, leading to the abnormal expression of (2019) 3:9 inflammatory genes (Varga et al 2013). Upon their activation, macrophages express an increased level of NO (Kim et al 2001; Nathan and Hibbs Jr 1991). Corticosteroids have been widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases to effectively ameliorate inflammation. The development and use of more effective antiinflammatory agents are desired
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