Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diseases induced by welding fumes. To our knowledge, little information is available on the relationship between multiple heavy metal exposure and oxidative stress in welders. We assessed the relationship between multiple heavy metal exposure and oxidative damage by analyzing 174 nonsmoking male welders in a shipyard. Urinary metals were used as the internal dose of exposure to metals in welding fumes, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as an oxidative DNA damage marker. The relationship between workers’ metal levels and 8-OHdG was estimated using a multiple linear regression model. The geometric mean levels of urinary chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were considerably higher in welders than in controls. Urinary Cr and Ni were determined as effective predictors of urinary 8-OHdG levels after adjusting for covariates. Oxidative DNA damage was associated with both Cr and Ni of welding fume exposure in shipyard welders (Ln Cr: β = 0.33, 95%C.I. = 0.16–0.49; Ln Ni: β = 0.27, 95%C.I. = 0.12–0.43). In this study, we investigated the significantly positive relationship between urinary metals (especially Cr and Ni) and 8-OHdG in nonsmoking shipyard welders. Moreover, the use of particulate respirators did not reduce metal exposure and oxidative damage. Therefore, we infer that hazard identification for welders should be conducted.
Highlights
Welding fumes were classified as a possible human carcinogen by the InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1990 [1], and an evaluation update for carcinogenicity was recommended by an InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer (IARC) expert group in 2010 [2]
Chronic welding fume exposure has been reported to exhibit a relationship with lung cancer in welders with no or mild smoking habits [5], as well as pharynx and larynx cancer [6,7,8]
Welding fumes consist of many toxic materials, including several metals such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) [9], which potentially and adversely affect welders’
Summary
Welding fumes were classified as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by the InternationalAgency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1990 [1], and an evaluation update for carcinogenicity was recommended by an IARC expert group in 2010 [2]. Welding fumes were classified as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by the International. Welding fumes are recognized as a group. 1 carcinogen in humans because numerous studies have reported an increased risk of lung cancer due to such fumes [3,4]. Chronic welding fume exposure has been reported to exhibit a relationship with lung cancer in welders with no or mild smoking habits [5], as well as pharynx and larynx cancer [6,7,8]. Welding fumes consist of many toxic materials, including several metals such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) [9], which potentially and adversely affect welders’. Most welding fumes comprise oxidized metal particles of respirable fraction size that are produced during the joining
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