Abstract
The studies carried in the world regarding the possible significant influence of climate change on the health and safety of outdoor workers has not been given the due consideration (especially in the least developed and developing countries). Hundreds and thousands of outdoor workers are exposed to elevated temperatures, humid environments and climate extremes in combination with urban air pollution; which is ultimately impacting their safety and well-being. The statistics show that in the past few years, due to the rise in temperature on earth and frequent heat waves within urban settlements, an abrupt increase has been observed in the rate of heat-related health problems. Exposure to extreme heat (exceeding 40 ºC)causes many direct and indirect health hazards, which include vector-borne diseases and exposure to certain harmful chemicals. Currently, the climatic and heat-related effects are decreasing the working capacity of workers and in the future it is projected that the frequency and magnitude of these effects will increase. With the rise in temperature and the occurrence of frequent heat waves in urban areas, the number of health issues due to high (maximum average)temperature has increased rapidly. This article discusses the impacts of heat exposure and climatic change on productivity,health and safety of outdoor workers by summarizing findings from the literature, and eventually recommends control measures for reducing heat exposure at the outdoor work areasand climatic adaptations. In addition, it argues that there is a need for more research about the impacts on health and economic conditions due to heat and climate change in the workplace on global level (especially in developing countries).
Highlights
Outdoor workers are the front-liners who are exposed to various physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic and psychological occupational hazards
The current study focuses only on tropical developing countries, and the main aim of this study is to draw the attention on evolving research areas because of their relevance to the effects of extreme heat exposure, health and safety concerns and climate change adaptation actions of outdoor workers
It is evident that due to intense climatic and weather conditions, severe workplace heat exposures increase the rate of incidents and health illnesses indeveloping countries and fast-paced working places
Summary
Outdoor workers are the front-liners who are exposed to various physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic and psychological occupational hazards. One of the most prominent ones are the environmental stresses and severe climatic conditions They are mostly exposed for a longer period to high levels of heat and other stresses like UV radiation, atmospheric pollutants, and urban heat island (UHI) effect.[1] This chronic exposure canproduce severe as well as frequent known occupational health hazards.[2,3] In past studies, it has been reported that the rise in outdoor temperature can result in health issues for out door workers. This could interfere with both physical strength and mental capacity leading sometimes to risks that may damage the health, and causes disorders such as heat induced rash, stroke and cramps, heat syncope and rhabdomyolysis
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