Abstract
Effects of habenular stimulation frequencies on obstructive sleep apnea induced by stimulation of insular cortex
Highlights
Abnormal sleep position, alcohol consumption, drug intake, and obesity can induce obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [1,2,3]
According to electroencephalography patterns, which can be used to confirm different stages of sleep, there is a higher likelihood for muscles around the upper airway to relax during deep sleep, increasing the possibility of OSA to occur [9]
Previous studies demonstrated that the electromyography (EMG) activity of the genioglossus is reduced during deep sleep [9]
Summary
To investigate the effects of high-frequency stimulation of the habenula (Hb) on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) induced by stimulation of the insular cortex Method. E changes of apnea events and electromyography (EMG) of the genioglossus were compared before and after stimulation of the Hb. Results. With stimulation of the Ic at 100 Hz, apnea events were successfully induced with disappearance of EMG of the genioglossus. After stimulation of the Hb at 130 Hz, apnea events disappeared with significantly increased genioglossal EMG. Such a change failed to be found at the stimulation frequencies of 50 Hz, 120 Hz, and 280 Hz. Conclusion. Stimulation of the Hb at the frequency of 130 Hz could effectively inhibit OSA events induced by stimulation of the Ic
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