Abstract
The verification of factors associated with growth, body composition and nutritional and nutritional aspects after HIV infection in children or adolescents in Brazil is fundamental for progress in this area. We selected articles published until 2018, available on the platforms PubMed and Lilacs, using the keywords The following descriptors and their associations were used, extracted from MeSH: "Children", "Adolescent", "Anthropometry", "Nutritional Assessment", "HIV", "Brazil" adding the filter "and" for advanced searches. A total of 1,450 articles were found, and after selection and full reading, 19 were selected. The studies agreed that children and adolescents living with HIV present or may present alterations in bone metabolism, lipid metabolism and body composition due to infection or associated with therapy. Significant differences were observed in weight and height in infected infants compared to uninfected infants. The evaluation and monitoring of diet quality, as well as serum micronutrient monitoring, are fundamental to guarantee the clinical and treatment conditions of these patients, as well as to prevent disorders due to low nutrient intakes.
Highlights
MethodsIn Brazil, the first cases of HIV in children were recorded in 1983, due to infection from blood or contaminated derivatives during transfusions
There are numerous adverse effects associated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), especially Protease Inhibitors (PIs) such as Stavudine (d4T), Tenofovir (TDF) and Ritonavir (RTV)
All the articles selected for the theme (1)[7,8,13,14] (Chart 1) agreed that children who lives with HIV present or may present alterations in bone metabolism, whether due to infection or associated with HAART
Summary
MethodsIn Brazil, the first cases of HIV in children were recorded in 1983, due to infection from blood or contaminated derivatives during transfusions. The mortality of HIV-infected children and adolescents as well as vertical transmission infection tended to decrease in recent epidemiological reports[2,3] after the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)[4]. This therapy has reduced the incidence of opportunistic diseases[5], increased time and quality of life, and improvements in neural development and linear growth[6]. There are numerous adverse effects associated with HAART, especially Protease Inhibitors (PIs) such as Stavudine (d4T), Tenofovir (TDF) and Ritonavir (RTV) These are related to lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, metabolic and body composition changes, such as changes in bone mass in children and adolescents[7]. This is intensified when the individual is exposed to a long period of therapy, as occurs in those infected by vertical transmission, which in many cases already begin exposure to anti-retrovirals in intrauterine life[6,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
