Effects of Group Prenatal Care on Food Insecurity

Abstract

The 2013 Lancet Nutrition Series highlighted the importance of nutrition-sensitive interventions across multiple sectors, including the health sector. This study compared the effects of group to individual prenatal care on women's food security. We recruited 248 racially diverse, low-income, pregnant women receiving group (N=124) or individual prenatal care (N=124) to complete surveys in early and late pregnancy and early postpartum, with 84% completing three surveys. Multiple logistic regression models compared changes in food security by prenatal care model. Among women initially food insecure, group participants were more likely to become food secure in late pregnancy (0.64 compared to 0.36 average predicted probability, p<0.001). Initially food-insecure women who remained in group care through pregnancy were more likely to become food secure postpartum (0.77 compared to 0.59 average predicted probability, p=0.045). Among women initially food secure, group participants were more likely to maintain food security in late pregnancy (0.92 compared to 0.76 average predicted probability, p<0.001). Group participants were more likely to change perceptions on affording healthy foods and stretching food resources. Group prenatal care provides health education and the opportunity for women to share experiences and knowledge, which may improve confidence and skills in managing household food resources. Health sector interventions can complement food assistance programs in addressing food insecurity among pregnant women. Funded by AHRQ and the USDA RIDGE Program.