Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics all over the world increases the risk of many metabolic diseases by altering the gut microbiota. Grape by‐products are of particular interest in the prevention of metabolic diseases, while only minimum amounts of these wastes are up‐graded or recycled at present. The study investigated the effect of grape pomace (GPE) and seed (GSE) polyphenol extracts on the recovery of gut microbiota after antibiotic cocktail treatment in high‐fat diet‐fed (HFD) mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD together with antibiotic treatment by drinking water for 3 weeks. Then, GPE and GSE were supplemented for 7 days after withdrawal of antibiotics. The gut microbiota was characterized by a significant loss of diversity and certain important taxon after a 3‐week antibiotic cocktail treatment. The GPE and GSE supplementation during the restore period of gut microbiota had some positive effects. The relative abundance of gut microbiota was improved by GPE and GSE compared to the spontaneous recovery group. And gut microbiota diversity was also greatly changed by GPE and GSE, being indicated by the changes of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia in feces. These findings suggested that grape polyphenol extracts have a great influence on the recovery of gut microbiota after antibiotics and high‐fat diet treatment.
Highlights
| MATERIALS AND METHODSExtracts of polyphenols used in the investigation were extracted from the Kyoho Grape (Vitis vinifera“Kyoho”) pomace according to the methods of Ghafoor, Choi, Jeon, and Jo (2009), with some modifications
We found that relative abundance of Akkermansia in feces was greatly recovered by grape pomace (GPE) and grape seed polyphenol extracts (GSE) supplementation compared to the high‐fat diet‐fed (HFD) + Abx+/− group
Our findings suggested a light modulation of gut microbiota by grape pomace polyphenols on the restore of gut microbiota
Summary
Extracts of polyphenols used in the investigation were extracted from the Kyoho Grape (Vitis vinifera“Kyoho”) pomace according to the methods of Ghafoor, Choi, Jeon, and Jo (2009), with some modifications. Being given GPE and GSE during the restored period, the abundance and diversity of microbiota showed increasing tendency compared to the HFD + Abx+/− group. There were profound effects on fecal bacteria composition, and taxonomic richness decreased markedly (Figure 3a,b) This post‐antibiotic dysbiosis was characterized by a significantly reduced diversity of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and accompanied by an overgrowth of the phyla Proteobacteria. GPE and GSE increased Alloprevotella relative abundance greatly, changing from 0.0075%, after treatment of antibiotic, to 0.0388% and 0.0113%, respectively, compared to the HFD + Abx+/− group (0.0024%). The relative abundance of these microbiota was less than 1%, the restorative effect of 1‐week GPE and GSE supplementation on them could still reflect the trend of recovery. GPE and GSE had greater effects on the recovery of Gram‐negative bacterium than Gram‐positive bacterium
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