Abstract
Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for intracellular and extracellular redox regulation in signaling and defense processes. Strenuous exercise can also contribute to this imbalance, and the muscle fatigue, evidenced by impaired strength or power generation, can be caused by various reasons, including oxidative stress. Antioxidants can prevent the formation of ROS by intercepting free radicals. Twenty judo athletes were included in this randomized, double-blind clinical trial into grape juice and placebo groups, and they consumed grape juice or placebo daily for 14 days in a crossover model. The outcomes were analyzed before and after combat simulations. The upper limb strength was higher in the grape juice group than in the placebo (p [group] = 0.003). The lipid damage levels were 10% higher in the placebo group (p [interaction] = 0.048). During the pre-exercise, the placebo group showed 19% more DNA damage than the grape juice group. The superoxide dismutase activity was 80% lower in the grape juice group (p [interaction] < 0.001). The consumption of grape juice can improve parameters of oxidative stress by reducing the lipid and DNA damage.
Highlights
Humans produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the natural metabolic process
To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to evaluate the effect of grape juice consumption on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue parameters in judo athletes
After evaluating the effects of grape juice consumption for 14 days on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue parameters in judo athletes, grape juice intake did not change upper limb muscle strength when compared to a placebo intake; an improvement in the antioxidant profile was seen when compared to placebo
Summary
Humans produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the natural metabolic process. In supraphysiological levels and/or deficiency in the protective system, there is an imbalance in the production and elimination of ROS, which causes oxidative damage (Sies et al 2017). Strenuous exercise can contribute to this imbalance (Schneider et al 2005), were intense and prolonged exercise results in increased muscle contraction and subsequently increased ROS production. As the intensity and duration of exercise increase, antioxidants could not be available in sufficient amounts to protect cells, resulting in oxidative damage (Thirupathi & Pinho 2018). Plants are considered valuable sources of beneficial compounds, including antioxidants for humans. It is well established in the literature that grape derivatives can prevent the
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