Abstract
The transformation temperatures and temperature hysteresis of Ti–Ni–Zr films were found to be very sensitive to grain size. However, films annealed at 1223 K exhibited transformation temperatures and temperature hysteresis nearly the same as those of the corresponding bulk alloys. Annealing of Ti–Ni–Zr–Co films with 10.5–26.7 at.% Zr and 0–12.7 at.% Co at 1223 K for 10 h showed that Co substitution for Ni in the Ti–Ni–Zr films was beneficial to reducing the temperature hysteresis. Correspondingly, a Ti29.3Ni42.7Zr20.9Co7.1 bulk alloy annealed at 1223 K for 10 h exhibited a high martensitic transformation temperature (432 K) and a small temperature hysteresis compared to Ti–Ni–Zr bulk alloys (21 K). The present study verified the usefulness of sputtering for the exploration of new shape-memory alloys.
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