Abstract
BackgroundPoultry feed consists mainly of conventional grains and protein supplements, however, using treated unconventional agro-industrial by-products as replacements of corn soybean-based diet can minimize production costs and improve productivity. Therefore, in this study, the effects of fermented or enzymatically treated dried brewer grains (DBG) on growth, expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters genes and the profitability of the rations were evaluated. A total of 1600 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed in 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight treatments with ten replicates, 20 birds/replicate). Experimental diets included two controls; negative control (basal corn-soybean diet; NC) and positive control (basal corn-soybean diet with exogenous enzymes; PC), and six diets in which basal diet was replaced by three levels of fermented DBG (FDBG; 5, 10 or 15%), or enzyme-treated DBG (DBG 5, 10 or 15%+Enz), for 38 days.ResultsThe results described that feeding FDBG (three levels) or DBG5%+Enz improved (P < 0.05) BW gain and feed efficiency of broilers. Also, feeding FDBG10% yielded the best improvement in weight gain (10%), compared to NC group. Increasing the inclusion levels of DBG either fermented or enzymatically treated up-regulated (p < 0.01) expression of digestive-genes in proventriculus (PGC and PGA5, range 1.4–1.8 fold), pancreas (AMY2A, PNLIP, CELA1, and CCK; range 1.2–2.3 fold) and duodenum (CAT1, CAT2, GLUT1, GLUT2, LAT1, Pep1; range 1.3-3 fold) when compared to NC group. Feeding treated DBG significantly increased (p < 0.05, range 4.5–13.6%) gizzard relative weight compared to NC and PC groups. An additional benefit was lower (p < 0.01) cholesterol content from 66.9 mg/100 mg (NC) to 62.8 mg/100 mg (FDBG5 or 10%) in thigh meat. Furthermore, the least cost feed/kg body gain was achieved in FDBG10% and DBG5%+Enz groups, with approx. 16% reduction compared to NC cost, leading to increasing the income gross margin by 47% and 40% in FDBG10% and DBG5%+Enz groups, respectively.ConclusionsSubstitution of corn-soybean based diet with 10% FDBG or 5% DBG+Enz resulted in better growth and higher economic efficiency of broilers chickens.
Highlights
Poultry feed consists mainly of conventional grains and protein supplements, using treated unconventional agro-industrial by-products as replacements of corn soybean-based diet can minimize production costs and improve productivity
The results described that feeding fermented DBG (FDBG) or DBG5%+Enz improved (P < 0.05) BW gain and feed efficiency of broilers
Feeding FDBG10% yielded the best improvement in weight gain (10%), compared to negative control (NC) group
Summary
Poultry feed consists mainly of conventional grains and protein supplements, using treated unconventional agro-industrial by-products as replacements of corn soybean-based diet can minimize production costs and improve productivity. One of the most prominent plant by-products arise mainly from oilseed mills and brewing industries [2]; called dried brewer’s grains (DBG) The latter could be an appropriate low-cost replacer for traditional feedstuffs (e.g., corn and soybean meal), as it contains a fair amount of feed residues following the brewing process [3,4,5,6]. It consists of around 20% crude protein, 6% ether extract, 15% crude fiber and 4% ash, in addition it has an adequate amount of essential AA (0.4% methionine, 0.9% lysine, 1.2% phenylalanine, 0.4% tryptophan, 1.1% threonine and 1.6% valine) [7]
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