Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim was to investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on broilers challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. 240 1-day-old birds were divided into four groups in a completely randomized design, each of which included 6 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. Group I served as the unchallenged, untreated control (CON). All birds in groups II (SCC) - IV were challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis. Birds in group III and IV were treated with 0.5% (Gln 1) and 1.0% (Gln 2), respectively, of Gln. The results indicated that S. Enteritidis infection led to a decrease in the average body weight at d 7, 14, and 21 (p<0.05). Chickens fed the Gln showed improved average body weights in comparison with the SCC group (p<0.05). At d 4, 7, 14, and 21, the Gln groups increased digestive enzyme (trypsin, lipase and amylase (except the amylase activity of jejunum at d 14 and d 21)) activities in the intestine (p<0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (at d 14 jejunum; except at d 4, ileum) and catalase (CAT) (at d 4, and d 21, jejunum; d 4, ileum) activity in the serum (except at d 14) and intestinal mucosa (p<0.05), and the mRNA expression of SOD, CAT and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2) of the intestinal mucosa compared with the SCC group (p<0.05). These results suggest that Gln as a feed additive could be effective for reducing the detrimental effects of S. Enteritidis infection of broilers.
Highlights
Salmonella Enteritidis is capable of colonizing the gut effectively (Eliana et al, 2012), and it can produce systemic or septicaemic disease in young chickens
Dietary Gln supplementation showed that the abovementioned clinical symptoms disappeared; the mortality decreased, and the average body weight of the birds under infection conditions improved to levels similar to the healthy broilers
Our results showed that diet Gln enhanced the average body weight associated with antioxidant (CAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and digestive enzyme activity
Summary
Salmonella Enteritidis is capable of colonizing the gut effectively (Eliana et al, 2012), and it can produce systemic or septicaemic disease in young chickens. Enteritidis infection can adhere to glycoproteins of the intestinal epithelium and induce the activation of immune cells, lead to injury of the colonic mucous epithelium, thereby causing diffuse extraintestinal infections and an inflammatory response with diarrhea (Wu et al, 2018). The pathogenesis of this condition is complex and is strongly implicated in compromised growth and mortality of the birds (Taunay et al, 1996). Previous studies have shown that Gln treatment can improve the average body weight, feed conversion ratio, abdominal morphological structures, intestinal cell metabolism, and the activity of digestive enzyme as a eRBCA-2019-1123
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