Effects of glutamate receptor antagonists on posthypxic myoclonus in rats

Abstract

Male Sprague-Dawley rats developed posthypoxic myoclonus following 10-min cardiac arrest and resuscitation. In current studies, roles of N-methyl- d-asparate (NMDA), non-NMDA (a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate, AMPA, and kainate), and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of posthypoxic myoclonus were investigated. Treatments with the competitive or noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, D(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D[−]-AP-5) (ED 50: 12.5 mg/kg, IP) or MK-801 maleate (ED 50: 0.034 mg/kg, IP), and competitive or noncompetitive non-NMDA (AMPA/kainate) receptor antagonist, 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) (ED 50: 9.25 nM/5 μl, ICV) or 1-(4-ami - nophenyl) - 4 - methyl -7, 8 -methylenedioxy -5H -2, 3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride (GYKI 52466) (ED 50: 0.67 mg/kg, IP), significantly decreased myoclonus episodes in rats. On the other hand, treatment with the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, L(+)-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (L[+]-AP-3) (50 or 500 nM/5 μl, ICV), exerted no significant effects on myoclonus scores in posthypoxic rats. These results indicate that activation of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors receptors may mediate posthypoxic myoclonus in rats, whereas, involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors needs to be studied further.