Effects of Global Climate Changes on Marine Fishery Resources

Abstract

AbstractSince the 1990s of the last century, the world’s marine fisheries have entered a turning point. In 1990, the global marine catch declined for the first time, and most of the high-value traditional fishery resources were fully exploited or overexploited. Since 2016, there has been a small increase in the production of the marine fishing industry, reaching 84.4 million tons in 2018, but still below the peak catch of 86.4 million tons in 1996. The catch statistics from FAO show that the global marine catch has shown a relative change among different years, in which major changes in the production belong to oceanic species such as Peruvian anchovy or anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and Ommastrephidae squid such as Argentinean flying squid (Illex argentinus) and jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas); one of the main reasons for these fluctuations in these species is the changes of global climate and marine environmental factors. For this reason, this chapter briefly describes the current state of development of the world’s marine fisheries and the characteristics of the marine environment and the main economic species resources in each sea area, such as the Northwest Pacific Ocean (statistical area 61) and Southeast Pacific Ocean (statistical area 87). The global climate events, such as water temperature rise, ocean acidification, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and their impacts on marine fisheries are summarized. In this chapter, the impacts of global climate change and marine environmental change on resources and fishing ground for tuna, Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), Peruvian anchovy, cod, salmon, and cephalopod are analyzed in detail, which will provide some cases for the scientific research of fisheries forecasting and also provide a scientific basis for the sustainable use and scientific management of global marine fishery resources.KeywordsGlobal climate changeMarine fisheriesResources and fishing ground