Abstract
AbstractStrong free-surface vortices are employed extensively in the hydraulic engineering industry in areas such as flow regulation, energy dissipation, and energy generation. Despite their long history of use, the literature on strong free-surface vortices appears to lack detailed experimental investigations, particularly with regard to subcritical approach flows. This paper reports a comprehensive experimental program that was implemented on 12 scaled vortex chamber geometries to identify the key dependent hydraulic parameters. Two-dimensional (2D) laser particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was employed to determine the field circulation, Γ∞. It was found that the field circulation and, hence, the circulation number (NΓ) is strongly dependent on the approach flow geometry, which was characterized by a nondimensional approach flow factor, yα comprising the approach flow, depth h/d, and geometric factor, α. The discharge number (NQ) varied inversely with the circulation number following relationships gove...
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