Abstract
Effects of group of cattle (gender of dairy or beef cattle) and number of pair of permanent incisors (0-4 pairs) on carcass traits were investigated. Data collected from 2,059 carcasses were obtained from beef cattle cooperative in 2016. Carcass traits included slaughter weight (wt.), hot carcass wt., percentage of hot or chilled carcass wt., chilling loss, skin wt., and marbling score. Factors included group of cattle and number of pair of permanent incisors observed in each cattle group, while slaughter wt. was a co-variable in the statistical model. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze marbling score. Results showed that group of cattle affected slaughter wt., hot carcass wt., percentage of hot or chilled carcass wt., skin wt. (P<0.0001), and chilling loss (P<0.05). Number of pair of permanent incisors within each cattle group affected all carcass traits (p<0.05), except chilling loss (p>0.05). Female and male beef cattle in all ages had higher hot carcass wt. and percentage of hot or chilled carcass wt. than female and male dairy cattle. The highest marbling score of 5 was found in female and male beef and female dairy cattle with 4 pairs of permanent incisors. However, majority of cattle had marbling score 2.
Highlights
In 2006, the beef cattle population in Thailand was approximately 8.04 million heads, but it decreased to 4.41 million heads in 2015, of which 3.90 % were finishing beef cattle [1]
An alternative was done by insemination of dairy cows to produce crossbreds for meat production
Culled dairy cows or male dairy cattle are raised as beef cattle [2]
Summary
In 2006, the beef cattle population in Thailand was approximately 8.04 million heads, but it decreased to 4.41 million heads in 2015, of which 3.90 % were finishing beef cattle [1]. Important intrinsic factors influencing carcass traits are breed, gender, and age or maturity of the animals. South African carcass classification scheme and the Australian Meat system use dentition to estimate physiological age or maturity of cattle for beef carcass classification [3]. Physiological age is as important factor influencing carcass traits as slaughter wt. Reports comparing carcass traits based on gender of dairy or beef cattle and their physiological ages, especially under commercial production in Thailand, are a few [5-7], comparing to those in other countries [8-12]. We investigated carcass traits as affected by gender of dairy or beef cattle and their physiological age, according to the number of pair of permanent incisors
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