Effects of gemfibrozil on in vitro cultured normal human skin explants.

Abstract

Several lipid-lowering agents, when given topically, show a profound effect on skin morphology. Because of low bioavailability of these drugs for keratinocytes, the incidence is extremely low clinically. The most appropriate way to study the effect of hypolipidemic drugs on keratinocytes is by artificial exposure of the skin to high drug concentrations. To study the effects of gemfibrozil on the morphology of in vitro cultured normal human skin explants. As gemfibrozil induces barrier disruption by inhibiting epidermal sterologenesis, essential for a competent permeability barrier, it is interesting to investigate the morphologic changes associated with this phenomenon. Studying the epidermal changes induced by lipid-lowering agents is important, not only because it might lead to a better understanding of the effects of these drugs on keratinocytes, but as it might also unlock the door to a wider knowledge of the pathomechanism of disorders of cornification. Normal human skin from patients undergoing mastectomy was cultured in the presence of 2, 5, and 10 mM of gemfibrozil for 4 days The morphologic changes were evaluated by three blinded observers. Their reports were matched and collated. The cultured skin in the presence of gemfibrozil showed cell crowding of keratinocytes in the lower part of the epidermis, indicating epidermal hyperplasia and increased proliferation. Intercellular edema with the formation of small cavities in the epidermis, intracellular edema, and vacuolar alteration of keratinocytes in the upper portion of the epidermis were also observed. The intensity of these changes tended to parallel the gemfibrozil concentration. Some dermo-epidermal detachments did not correlate with the gemfibrozil concentration, but rather with tissue characteristics peculiar to each explant. The morphologic changes caused by gemfibrozil to normal human skin were not characteristic of psoriasis, and included intracellular and intercellular edema in the upper portion of the epidermis and cell crowding, indicating epidermal hyperplasia in the lower portion of the epidermis. The present experimental study gives further support to the hypothesis that hypolipidemic drugs cause an initial break in the barrier function of the epidermis, followed by a physiologic epidermal response, aimed at barrier restoration. This rather nonspecific stimulus to epidermal proliferation may trigger psoriasis in predisposed patients.