Abstract
Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exhibited potential neuroprotective properties. Here we examined the protective effects of GAS against lead(Pb)-induced nerve injury in mice, and explores its underlying mechanisms. Our research findings revealed that GAS improved behavioral deficits in Pb-exposed mice. GAS reduced the accumulation of p-tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ). GAS inhibited Pb-induced inflammation in the brain, as indicated by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). GAS increased the expression levels of NR2A and neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). GAS inhibited Pb-induced apoptosis of neurons in hippocampus tissue, as indicated by the decreased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of GAS were associated with inhibiting oxidative stress by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling. GAS supplement activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reduced the expression of Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1). Collectively, this study clarified that GAS exhibited neuroprotective property by anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects and its ability to regulate the Wnt/Nrf2 pathway.
Highlights
Gastrodin (GAS,4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, PubChem CID: 115027)is the main phenolic glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese herb “Tian ma” (Gastrodia elata Blume), which exhibited anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties [1,2,3]
The results showed that Pb the protein expressions of in the brain of mice compared to the controls decreased the protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NR2A in the brain of mice compared to the(p controls
This study focused on the neuroprotective role of GAS in a mouse model of Pb-induced injury
Summary
Gastrodin (GAS,4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, PubChem CID: 115027). Is the main phenolic glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese herb “Tian ma” (Gastrodia elata Blume), which exhibited anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties [1,2,3]. It is found that GAS can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and is quickly distributed throughout the brain after systemic oral administration [4]. Previous studies have indicated that GAS treatment alleviated memory deficits by increasing the expression of NR2A and. GAS treatment ameliorates subarachnoid hemorrhage induced neurological deficit, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by increasing Nrf activation and suppressing the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [6]. The heavy metal lead is a ubiquitous environmental neurotoxicant that continues to be a leading environmental risk factor threatening public health [7,8]. Wnt signaling is critical for the normal function of the brain, which plays a key role in both nervous system development and adult synaptic
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