Abstract
To investigate the preventive and therapeutic potential of garlic oil on human pancreatic carcinoma cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to study the effects of garlic oil on three human pancreatic cancer cell lines, AsPC-1, Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), staining with PI and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Morphologic changes of pancreatic cancer cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after treatment with garlic oil at low inhibitory concentrations (2.5 μM and 10 μM) for 24 hours. Proliferation of the AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells was obviously inhibited in the first 24 hours with the MTT assay. The inhibition effect was more significant after 48 hours. When cells were exposed to garlic oil at higher concentrations, an early change of the apoptotic tendency was detected by FCM and TEM. Garlic oil could inhibit the proliferation of AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells in this study. Moreover, due to programmed cell death, cell cycle arrest, or both, pro-apoptosis effects on AsPC-1 cells were induced by garlic oil in a dose and time dependent manner in vitro.
Highlights
Pancreatic cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancerrelated death, possesses a very poor prognosis and an extremely high death/incidence ratio of approximately 99%, which is due to its little possibility of surgical resection and the increasing resistance to almost all chemotherapeutic agents (Lange et al, 2012; Jiang et al, 2012; Ren et al, 2012)
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of garlic oil on human pancreatic cancer cells and its underlying mechanism in order to find a pathway for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment considering its multidrug resistance
From the MTT assay and microphotographs, we found that garlic oil could remarkably inhibit the proliferation of each cell line of pancreatic carcinoma, including AsPC-1, Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1, with minimum doses
Summary
Pancreatic cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancerrelated death, possesses a very poor prognosis and an extremely high death/incidence ratio of approximately 99%, which is due to its little possibility of surgical resection and the increasing resistance to almost all chemotherapeutic agents (Lange et al, 2012; Jiang et al, 2012; Ren et al, 2012). To investigate the preventive and therapeutic potential of garlic oil on human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to study the effects of garlic oil on three human pancreatic cancer cell lines, AsPC-1, Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Morphologic changes of pancreatic cancer cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after treatment with garlic oil at low inhibitory concentrations (2.5 μM and 10 μM) for 24 hours. Results: Proliferation of the AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells was obviously inhibited in the first 24 hours with the MTT assay. When cells were exposed to garlic oil at higher concentrations, an early change of the apoptotic tendency was detected by FCM and TEM. Conclusion: Garlic oil could inhibit the proliferation of AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells in this study. Due to programmed cell death, cell cycle arrest, or both, pro-apoptosis effects on AsPC-1 cells were induced by garlic oil in a dose and time dependent manner in vitro
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