Abstract
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the functional and histological effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin after experimental spinal cord contusion injury.METHODS:Fifty male Wistar rats underwent experimental spinal cord lesioning using an NYU-Impactor device and were randomly divided into the following groups, which received treatment intraperitoneally. The G(M1) group received ganglioside G(M1) (30 mg/kg); the erythropoietin group received erythropoietin (1000 IU/kg); the combined group received both drugs; and the saline group received saline (0.9%) as a control. A fifth group was the laminectomy group, in which the animals were subjected to laminectomy alone, without spinal lesioning or treatment. The animals were evaluated according to the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, motor evoked potential recordings and, after euthanasia, histological analysis of spinal cord tissue.RESULTS:The erythropoietin group had higher BBB scores than the G(M1) group. The combined group had the highest BBB scores, and the saline group had the lowest BBB scores. No significant difference in latency was observed between the three groups that underwent spinal cord lesioning and intervention. However, the combined group showed a significantly higher signal amplitude than the other treatment groups or the saline group (p<0.01). Histological tissue analysis showed no significant difference between the groups. Axonal index was significantly enhanced in the combined group than any other intervention (p<0.01).CONCLUSION:G(M1) and erythropoietin exert therapeutic effects on axonal regeneration and electrophysiological and motor functions in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord lesioning and administering these two substances in combination potentiates their effects.
Highlights
Ganglioside G(M1) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) [1]
Weight gain occurred in the G(M1), combined and saline groups, but slight weight loss occurred in the erythropoietin and laminectomy groups (6.8 g and 23.1 g, respectively)
Research on the topic of spinal cord lesions has shifted its focus from attempting to interrupt or delay the chain of events that results in secondary lesion formation to identifying drugs that effectively promote neuronal repair and regeneration [19]
Summary
Ganglioside G(M1) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) [1]. The various properties attributed to G(M1) include the reduction of neural edema by increasing the activities of sodium, potassium and magnesium pumps; the homeostasis of neural cells by reestablishing membrane equilibrium [2]; increasing the levels of endogenous neurotrophic. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein produced in the kidneys of adults. This substance can mediate cytoprotection in various tissues, including nervous tissue. Inhibition of apoptosis, reduction of the inflammatory process, restoration of vascular integrity and regeneration of neurons are the primary activities attributed to this glycoprotein [6,7]. Its neuroprotective properties have proven effective in studies using animal models of
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