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Abstract
Tropane alkaloids are a group of secondary metabolites occurring naturally in Solanaceae family as Atropa belladona, Datura stramonium, Mandragora officinalis, and Hyoscyamus niger. These molecules have valuable therapeutic applications, for example, atropine and hyoscyamine are utilized as antimuscarinic besides being stomach and intestinal diseases drugs. Plants of the Solanaceae family can provide a natural yet less expensive source of these compounds. Hitherto, in order to emphasize these metabolites biosynthesis, D. stramonium seeds were irradiated using a cobalt-60 source of gamma rays of 5 to 80 Gy and germinated in vitro on MS medium in growth controlled chamber. Mutagenesis of D. stramonium seeds was attempted aiming at obtaining plants from in vitro source that are genetically variable for enhancing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids. Results indicated that D. stramonium seeds exhibited a good radiosensitivity and the mutagen damage index GR (30-50) for D. stramonium was determined at 80 Gy. The Characterization of alkaloids (Atropine and hyoscyamine) was done by infrared spectroscopy which showed that alkaloids content of the irradiated seeds is altered by irradiation as the reference bands were not found with all doses used. In addition, seedlings grown from irradiated in vitro seeds exhibited remarkable morphological variations that varied based on the employed dose of gamma rays. These findings permitted the selection of the optimal irradiation dose (80 Gy) to induce mutations that are likely to prompt changes at genetic and metabolic level of the targeted alkaloids.
Highlights
Datura, a member of the Solanaceae family, produces various alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine [1, 2]
Mutagenesis of D. stramonium seeds was attempted aiming at obtaining plants from in vitro source that are genetically variable for enhancing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids
Infrared spectroscopy shows that alkaloids contained in seeds are altered by irradiation because reference bands, except 1730 cm-1 band of scopolamine and 1720 cm-1 of hyoscyamine are not found in response to all doses
Summary
A member of the Solanaceae family, produces various alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine [1, 2]. These secondary metabolites induce in humans and animals various physiological responses by interfering with the neurotransmitters. Horizon e-Publishing Group of atropine for example, muscles activity are regulated by the parasympatic nervous system. This occurs because atropine is a competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Most of the alkaloids are toxic in high doses, but have important therapeutic properties in low doses [5] Tropane alkaloids or their derivatives are commonly used as muscle relaxants, analgesics, tranquilizers or even as psychotropic drugs. They act as antispasmodic, sedative, anticholinergic and mydriatic substances [6, 7]
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