Abstract
The effect of the fungicide Euparen Multi (containing 50% tolylfluanid) on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos was evaluated. Euparen Multi was daily administered per os to female mice (ICR strain) at four different doses of 118, 294, 588 and 1177 mg/kg b.m., beginning on day 1 of pregnancy. Embryos obtained on day 4 of pregnancy were stained by morphological triple staining (Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide, Calcein AM), and the number of nuclei, blastocyst formation, distribution of embryos according to the nucleus number and cell death incidence were determined. Embryos in the experimental groups (except for the lowest dose 118 mg/kg b.m.) showed a highly significant dose-dependent reduction in total cell numbers corresponding to the lower proportion of blastocysts. The occurrence of cell death was significantly increased in all experimental groups, indicating that Euparen Multi is able to cause cell death at relatively low doses. Our data demonstrate that Euparen Multi could induce significant alterations in the preimplantation embryo development.
Highlights
At present many different pesticides and various pollutants are intensively introduced into the environment
Embryos obtained on day 4 of pregnancy were stained by morphological triple staining (Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide, Calcein AM), and the number of nuclei, blastocyst formation, distribution of embryos according to the nucleus number and cell death incidence were determined
Available data on pesticide effects on the preimplantation embryo development in mammals seem to be limited, this period is presented as the most sensitive, and altering effects occurring during this phase may have serious consequences for later development
Summary
At present many different pesticides and various pollutants are intensively introduced into the environment. The commercial product Euparen Multi was chosen for this study because it is widely used in agriculture for controlling diseases in many fruit and vegetable crops This product contains 50% of tolylfluanid [N-dichlorofluormethylthio-N’-N’-dimethyl-N-ptolylsulphamide (IUPAC)] (TLF) as an active compound. According to information from the producer and the results of several studies, TLF is generally regarded as a safe pesticide due to its short degradation time (1 - 2 weeks) after application in the environment (Logan 2002). It has been declared as non-genotoxic and non-carcinogenic (EFSA 2005). In the presented experiment we used the commercial product Euparen Multi (50% TLF), because TLF is usually available and applied in the environment in this form
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