Effects of Functional Strength Training on Functional Movement and Balance in Middle-Aged Adults

Ozkan Guler,Oguzhan Tuncel,Antonino Bianco

doi:10.3390/su13031074

Ozkan Guler, Oguzhan Tuncel + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031074

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Abstract

Functional movement deficiencies cause falls and injuries in adults. Functional strength training (FST) is emerging as a new training method for athletes, middle-aged and older adults, to improve functional movement: The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of FST on balance and functional movement in healthy and independent middle-aged adults. The sample for this study consisted of 46 physically active individuals (24 female and 22 male). A total of 46 subjects were divided based on randomly into the functional strength training (FST) group (n = 26) aged: 51.55 ± 3.73 years; height: 168.69 ± 8.8 cm; body mass: 75.88 ± 12.18; and traditional strength training (TST) group (n = 20) age: 52.85 ± 4.01; height: 166.9 ± 9.98; body mass: 76.15 ± 10.45. Each group performed 24 sessions of a training protocol three-time a week. The functional movement was assessed using the functional movement screen (FMS) protocol. Balance performance was determined by using the balance error scoring system (BESS). Bodyweight and body fat ratio were measured using bioelectric impedance. There was a significant statistical difference between FMS total scores after an eight-week FST in the FST group. After the intervention, the functional strength group tended to have significantly better balance control than the traditional strength group (p = 0.01). Statistically, significant differences were observed between pre-test and post-test in the intervention group on BMI, body fat, and body mass (p = 0.01). There were not found significant differences in balance control and FMS score in TST group. As a result of this study, FST positively affected the FMS total score and balance performance in middle-aged adults. Early detections of the deficiencies in functional movement and balance in the middle ages may reduce the risk of insufficiency and fall in adults through targeted functional strength training intervention.

Highlights

Aging is associated with decreased overall muscle strength caused by many factors, such as neural changes and sarcopenia
There was no significant difference between the groups in baseline demographic variables
This study aimed to examine the effects of functional strength training in functional movement screen (FMS) scores and balance ability in middle-aged adults

Summary

Introduction

Aging is associated with decreased overall muscle strength caused by many factors, such as neural changes and sarcopenia. Muscle losses usually start at the age of 30 and increase, especially after 60 years [1]. Long term studies have shown that muscle mass decrease varies between 1 and 1.4 per year in the lower limbs, and this rate is higher than the losses in the muscle of the upper limb [2,3,4]. The decrease in muscle strength with age is 2–5 times higher than muscle mass loss [5]. Decreases in muscle strength and mass in middle-aged adults may negatively affect the quality of daily activity applications (walking, sitting, climbing stairs) that performed in the advanced ages [6,7,8]. According to meta-analysis results, strength training is seen as an effective way to eliminate strength loss in middle-aged adults [9].

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