Abstract
Abstract Three fruit thinning, 2 pruning, and 2 nitrogen fertilization treatments, in factorial combination, were established in a 7-year-old orchard of ‘Empire’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)/Malling Merton 106. The pruning and N fertilization treatments were continued over a 4-year period; the initial fruit-thinning treatments induced significantly different bearing patterns that persisted through the 4 years and no additional thinning was done. The thinning treatments resulted in significant differences in yield, but pruning and N had little effect. Total shoot growth/tree was unaffected the first year, but large differences developed in the succeeding years. Crop load and N had major effects on shoot growth while the effect of pruning was minor. Total shoot growth was more closely related to shoot numbers than to mean shoot length and was negatively correlated with the previous year’s crop.
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