Effects of Fresh Mango Fruit Consumption on Glucose, Insulin and Satiety Hormones

Abstract

Abstract Objectives A nutrient-dense snack such as fruit may promote greater satiety which may be associated with lower food intake and weight management. Mangos could be a healthful alternative to a less nutritious snack due to its many beneficial dietary compounds. Along with carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and many vitamins and minerals, mangos also have polyphenols and phytochemicals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mangos on postprandial glucose and insulin responses as well as satiety hormone levels. Methods In a randomized crossover study design, 23 overweight and obese adults consumed either 100 Kcal of fresh mangos or isocaloric low-fat cookies for two separate occasions. Subjects came in overnight fasted and a venous blood draw was taken. They were then asked to complete the snack around 5 minutes. After 45-minutes of the participant's last bite, another venous blood draw was taken. Blood samples were analyzed for insulin, glucose and the satiety hormones leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY). Results Both the mango and low-fat cookie consumption increased glucose and insulin with significantly less increase in mangos compared to low-fat cookies at 45-minute post snack consumption (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in satiety hormones leptin, ghrelin and PYY levels between the two snacks. There was a significant increase in CCK for both mango and low-fat cookie post snack consumption (P = 0.008). However, no differences between the two were found. Adiponectin significantly increased with post-consumption of mango (P = 0.032) and there were no significant differences with post-consumption of the low-fat cookie. Conclusions Mangos help maintain stable blood glucose and insulin levels post-consumption which in part correlates with increases of adiponectin levels. These results suggest mangos are a beneficial snack for those looking to lose weight or have a medical condition in which stabilizing postprandial glycemic response is critical. Future research on the long-term effects of mango consumption on satiety hormone levels and glucose response is warranted. Funding Sources The National Mango Board (#603,024).