Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms in lipid metabolism-related genes have been associated with obesity and body composition, but these have been scarcely described concerning the magnitude of the response to exercise interventions in the overweight/obese population.Objective: To evaluate the association of perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs1052700 and rs2304795), lipoprotein lipase (rs283), and adrenoceptor beta 3 (rs4994) polymorphisms with high and low responders (LoRes) to fat mass reduction after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and dietary energy restriction in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, we examined the effect of these genetic variants on body composition changes.Methods: Forty-three unrelated overweight/obese adult women were incorporated and genotyped, of which 30 women (age = 27.4 ± 7.9 years; BMI = 29.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) successfully completed the 12-week supervised HIIT program plus an individually prescribed home hypocaloric diet.Results: An association was observed between the PLIN1 rs1052700 polymorphism with high and LoRes (χ2 = 8.138; 2 df; p = 0.01). Moreover, after the intervention, the carriers of TT genotype of PLIN1 rs1052700 as compared to AA and AT showed a greater reduction in absolute fat mass (Δ: −5.1 ± 1.8 vs. − 1.8 ± 1.4 vs. − 2.1 ± 2.3 kg; p = 0.04). The effect size of this fat mass reduction between TT and AT genotypes was a mean difference of −3.01 kg [95%IC − 4.88– − 1.1], and between TT and AA genotypes was −3.29 kg [95%IC − 4.86– − 1.65]. No differences were observed for other polymorphisms investigated.Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs1052700 (14995A>T) polymorphism of the PLIN1 gene is associated with a differential response to fat mass reduction after a 12-week intervention in overweight/obese adult women. In addition, women with the TT genotype of this genetic variant showed greater changes in fat mass than AA and AT genotypes. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Highlights
Obesity and overweight have become major global health problems over the past few decades (Heymsfield and Wadden, 2017) because the expansion of white adipose tissue and visceral adiposity leads to metabolic dysregulation as a result of their associated pro-inflammatory phenotype (Vazquez-Carrera, 2016; Hepler and Gupta, 2017)
Forty-three unrelated overweight/obese adult women volunteered for the study, of which 30 women successfully completed the 12-week intervention and were analyzed
The LoRes and HiRes groups are similar in age (27.6 ± 8.6 vs. 27.2 ± 7.2 years; p = 0.897), physical activity level (PAL) index (1.38 ± 0.08 vs. 1.41 ± 0.09; p = 0.143), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (1,283 ± 55.7 vs. 1,314 ± 48.1 kcal/day; p = 0.437), Total energy expenditure (TEE) (1778 ± 159.9 vs. 1852 ± 133.4 kcal/ day; p = 0.140), and 75% energy requirements (EERs) (1,333 ± 119.9 vs. 1,389 ± 100.1 kcal/day; p = 0.140; Table 1)
Summary
Obesity and overweight have become major global health problems over the past few decades (Heymsfield and Wadden, 2017) because the expansion of white adipose tissue (adipocyte hypertrophy) and visceral adiposity leads to metabolic dysregulation as a result of their associated pro-inflammatory phenotype (Vazquez-Carrera, 2016; Hepler and Gupta, 2017). Obese women have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), and these women have a 44% greater risk of cardiovascular disease than men (Hu, 2003; Peters et al, 2014), as well as a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from T2D, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other obesity-related conditions (Ahmad et al, 2016) Behavioral interventions, such as exercise and nutrition, have been essential in managing obesity and overweight because of their contribution to reducing fat and body mass (Petridou et al, 2019). Polymorphisms in lipid metabolism-related genes have been associated with obesity and body composition, but these have been scarcely described concerning the magnitude of the response to exercise interventions in the overweight/obese population
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