Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin in individuals with an inactivating mutation of the FSH receptor

Abstract

Objective: To study the gonadal steroid responses to FSH and hCG in individuals with the inherited Finnish-type inactivating Ala189Val mutation of the FSH receptor gene. Design: Prospective clinical and descriptive study. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): Two women and one man homozygous for the Ala189Val mutation of the FSH receptor gene, and ovarian biopsies from four affected and four healthy women, and four normal fetuses. Intervention(s): Individuals were treated with increasing doses of recombinant FSH (300 IU/day start, 900 IU/day final) and/or a single dose of hCG (5000 IU). Ovarian biopsies were used in immunohistochemical analyses for detection of aromatase cytochrome P450 and transcription factor GATA-4. In situ 3′-end labeling analyses were used for detection of apoptosis. Main Outcome Measure(s): Measurements of serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, leuteinizing hormone, inhibin A and B, estradiol, testosterone (T), androstenedione, and prolactin, immunostaining for ovarian aromatase, GATA-4, and apoptosis. Result(s): Administration of FSH had no effect on production of the steroids. Similarly, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment, alone or after FSH administration, failed to raise serum steroid concentrations. Ovarian apoptosis was absent, and the expression of transcription factor GATA-4 and aromatase was negligible in the ovarian biopsies from Ala189Val homozygous individuals. Conclusion(s): The Ala189Val mutation of the FSH receptor gene results in a complete block of FSH action in vivo. Furthermore, the failure of hCG to increase both ovarian estradiol and testosterone secretion emphasizes the possible contribution of FSH in regulating ovarian androgen synthesis, and supports the concept that both gonadotropins are necessary for appropriate ovarian steroidogenesis in humans.