Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea and urea-formaldehyde, triazone-based fertilizers on soybean and corn crops. Four experiments were carried out, two on soybeans, one on first season corn, and the other on second season corn. The experiments were conducted using a randomized block design, with 5 treatments studied: T1—control without application of foliar nitrogen (N); T2—foliar application of conventional urea solution and three treatments with Hexion foliar fertilizers based on urea-formaldehyde and triazone (N-Hexion®), with varying levels of N and slow-release components; T3—Hexion 1; T4—Hexion 2; and T5—Hexion 3. The foliar application of conventional urea showed no statistically significant difference in relation to the control for the yield components and grain yield for the soybean crops in seasons 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Urea-formaldehyde/triazone treatments showed a significant increase in yield for soybeans in the 2018–2019 season compared to the control and to conventional urea. Nitrogen fertilizers with high percentages of slow-release compounds promote nitrogen release more slowly, which led to no significant increase in yield for Hexion 1. No statistical differences were observed in the corn yield for the first and second crop.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and corn (Zea mays L.) are among the most economically important crops in Brazil
The soils of the experimental areas are classified as dystrophic Red Latosol [25], which corresponds to a Hapludox [26], and climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) according to the Köppen–Geiger classification system [27]
Climatic conditions were generally favorable to the development of crops, apart from second season corn grown in 2019 (Figure 1)
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and corn (Zea mays L.) are among the most economically important crops in Brazil. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Brazilian soybean and corn production in the 2020–2021 harvest season will have a projected output of 131 and 106 million tons, respectively [1]. The availability of nutrients must be synchronized with plant requirements [2]. In the case of nitrogen (N), much of what is required by soybean in Brazil comes from a symbiotic relationship with Bradyrhizobium elkani and B. japonicum, which are provided by inoculation before or during sowing [3]. The bacteria infect the roots of the plant causing production of nodules at phenological stage V1. Throughout the vegetative stages of development, the number of nodules increases along with the rate of N2 fixation, reaching a peak at the grain filling stage, R5, and decreasing rapidly thereafter [2]
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