Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this experiment was to analyze the alleviation mechanism of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) on peanut seedlings under Fe deficiency. The effects of SA and SNP on iron uptake and availability, ions balance and oxidant damage were studied with foliar application of exogenous 1.0 mM SA (SA) or 2.5 mM SNP (SNP) or 0.5 mM SA+1.25 mM SNP [1/2(SA+SNP)] or 1.0 mM SA+2.5 mM SNP (SA+SNP).ResultsThe results showed that after 21 days treatment, the peanut seedlings growing under iron deficiency conditions exhibited leaf interveinal chlorosis, and this iron-deficiency induced symptom was prevented by foliar application of SA, SNP, 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP. The increased contents of chlorophyll and active iron, and increased Fe accumulation in cell organelles were observed in SA+SNP treated young leaves, suggesting that an improvement of iron availability in plants. Moreover, the improved nutrient solution pH, increased H+-ATPase activity and increased iron concentration in roots in SA+SNP treated plants, suggesting that SA+SNP is effective in modulating iron uptake. Furthermore, the increased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and decreased manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the leaves and roots of peanut indicated that SA+SNP stimulated the maintenance of ions disturbed by Fe deficiency. In addition, SA+SNP alleviated the increased accumulation of superoxide anion (O2•-) generation rate and malondialdehyde (MDA), and modulated the antioxidant enzymes.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the interaction of SA and SNP promoted Fe uptake, translocation and activation; modulated the balance of mineral elements; and protected Fe deficiency induced oxidative stress. Therefore, SA and SNP had synergistic effects in alleviating chlorosis induced by Fe deficiency.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The aim of this experiment was to analyze the alleviation mechanism of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) on peanut seedlings under Fe deficiency
When peanut plants were treated with SA or Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) under Fe deficiency, the shoot height, root length and root volume in SA treatment increased by 18.2%, 29.3% and 19.4% compared with control, and the fresh weight and root/shoot ratio in SNP treatment increased by 28.4% and 33.3% compared with control
The alleviation effect of SA+2.5 mM SNP (SA+SNP) was detected best compared with SA, SNP or 1/2 (SA+SNP) treatment
Summary
The aim of this experiment was to analyze the alleviation mechanism of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) on peanut seedlings under Fe deficiency. The effects of SA and SNP on iron uptake and availability, ions balance and oxidant damage were studied with foliar application of exogenous 1.0 mM SA (SA) or 2.5 mM SNP (SNP) or 0.5 mM SA+1.25 mM SNP [1/2(SA+SNP)] or 1.0 mM SA+2.5 mM SNP (SA+SNP). Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient for plants. It acts as a co-factor for many enzymes and proteins. Fe is involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, thylakoid synthesis, and chloroplast development (Buchanan et al 2000). Fe deficiency impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species (Graziano et al 2002). When the plants suffer from Fe deficiency, the newly forming leaves develop chlorosis
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