Effects of foliar application of micronutrients on concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in wheat landraces and cultivars

Baozhen Hao,Jingli Ma,Chuangchuang Zhou,Zhimin Wang,Simin Ren,Yongqu Bai,Lina Jiang,Xiaojie Wang,Chunxi Li

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02088-3

Baozhen Hao, Jingli Ma + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02088-3

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Abstract

Foliar application of micronutrient is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain. To explore the effects of foliar application of micronutrients on the concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in grain in wheat cultivars and landraces, field experiments were carried out using 65 wheat cultivars and 28 landraces to assess the effects of foliar application of zinc (iron) on phytic acid concentrations, zinc (iron) concentrations and their molar ratios. The results indicated that mean grain zinc concentration of landraces (44.83 mg kg−1) was 11.13% greater than that of cultivars (40.34 mg kg−1) on average across seasons, while grain iron concentration did not differ significantly between landraces (41.00 mg kg−1) and cultivars (39.43 mg kg−1). Foliar zinc application significantly improved the concentration and bioavailability of zinc in grains in both cultivars and landraces, while landraces had almost two-fold more increase in grain zinc and also greater improvement in zinc bioavailability compared to cultivars. While foliar iron application did not significantly affect iron concentration and bioavailability in grains in either cultivars or landraces. Our study showed that, with foliar application of zinc but not iron, wheat landraces had better performance than cultivars in terms of the increases in both concentration and bioavailability of micronutrient in grains.

Highlights

Foliar application of micronutrient is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain
The variations of grain zinc and iron concentrations were studied across two seasons in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 65 cultivars
Grain zinc concentration for landraces was 44.83 mg kg−1, which was 11.13% higher (P < 0.05) than that for cultivars (40.34 mg kg−1), while grain iron concentration did not differ significantly between landraces (41.00 mg kg−1) and cultivars (39.43 mg kg−1)

Summary

Introduction

Foliar application of micronutrient is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain. While foliar iron application did not significantly affect iron concentration and bioavailability in grains in either cultivars or landraces. With foliar application of zinc but not iron, wheat landraces had better performance than cultivars in terms of the increases in both concentration and bioavailability of micronutrient in grains. The effect of foliar application of micronutrients on the concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in grains in wheat cultivars has been widely studied, little is known about its effect on wheat landraces. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the grain concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in wheat landraces as affected by foliar application of micronutrients, and (2) to evaluate the response of the wheat landraces to foliar application of micronutrients compared to modern wheat cultivars

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