Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo activities of several fluoroquinolones, ampicillin and cefteram-pivoxil were investigated against penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). The MIC90s of sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, tosufloxacin, AM-1155, ampicillin, and cefteram-pivoxil for 13 PRSP strains were 0.78, 3.13, 0.39, 1.56, 3.13, and 3.13 μg/mL, respectively. An experimental fatal pneumonia was induced by intranasal inoculation of PRSP No. 65 in CBA/J mice. The fluoroquinolones were effective against the experimental pneumonia, but ampicillin and cefteram-pivoxil were not sufficiently effective. The oral 50% effective doses (ED50) of sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, tosufloxacin, and AM-1155 on the experimental pneumonia were 6.09, 49.3, 5.07, and 8.59 mg/kg/dose, respectively, when treatment was initiated 3 hours after infection and were 30.0, >50, 17.7, and 45.9 mg/kg/dose, respectively, when treatment was initiated 24 hours after infection. These results suggest that some fluoroquinolones such as sparfloxacin, tosufloxacin and AM-1155 may be effective in the treatment of pneumonia due to PRSP in humans.
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