Abstract
Fluoride, which is often added to toothpaste or mouthwash in order to protect teeth from decay, may be a novel therapeutic approach for acceleration of periodontal regeneration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of fluoride on proliferation and mineralization in human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. The periodontal ligament cells were stimulated with various concentrations of NaF added into osteogenic inductive medium. Immunohistochemistry of cell identification, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red S staining and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed. Moderate concentrations of NaF (50-500 μmol/L) had pro-proliferation effects, while 500 μmol/L had the best effects. ALP activity and calcium content were significantly enhanced by 10 μmol/L NaF with osteogenic inductive medium. Quantitative RT-PCR data varied in genes as a result of different NaF concentrations and treatment periods. We conclude that moderate concentrations of NaF can stimulate proliferation and mineralization in periodontal ligament cells. These in vitro findings may provide a novel therapeutic approach for acceleration of periodontal regeneration by addition of suitable concentrations of NaF into the medication for periodontitis treatment, i.e., into periodontal packs and tissue patches.
Highlights
Fluoride is found in teeth, bones, thyroid gland and skin of humans
According to a previous study, the osteogenic function of fibroblasts induced by fluoride could play an important role in the development of extraperiosteal ossification during skeletal fluorosis [4]
Chronic excessive fluoride intake can result in skeletal fluorosis, low concentrations of fluoride are normally used to reduce the incidence of caries
Summary
Fluoride is found in teeth, bones, thyroid gland and skin of humans. Since reports of its strengthening effect on bones and teeth at recommended doses, it is officially considered to be a beneficial element for humans. Chronic excessive intake of fluoride in water, diet and dentifrices may result in fluoride poisoning, which manifests as enamel fluorosis and bone injuries [1]. According to a previous study, the osteogenic function of fibroblasts induced by fluoride could play an important role in the development of extraperiosteal ossification during skeletal fluorosis [4]. The authors suggest that, induced by excessive fluoride, fibroblasts could be stimulated to express osteogenic phenotype, increase osteogenic activity, and result in extraperiosteal ossification of bone injuries [2,4]
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