Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of toothbrushing using a fluoride toothpaste and Aloe vera tooth gel on artificial white spot lesions through the Knoop microhardness (KHN) analysis. Methods: Sound bovine enamel samples (2 mm/diameter and 2 mm/depth) were prepared and immersed in artificial white spot lesion for 24 h. The preparation of artificial white spot lesions was performed by pH-cycling process. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (n=20), according the dentifrice used: containing fluoride (Colgate Total 12) or Aloe vera (Forever Bright Aloe Vera Toothgel). The top surface of samples was submitted to 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 brushing cycles (200 g load) in an automatic brushing machine with abrasive slurry. The KHN analysis were evaluated at baseline, after immersion in artificial white spot lesion and after 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 cycles of brushing. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests (p=0.05). Results: The KHN values significantly increased after brushing cycles compared to demineralized means. No significant differences showed for dentifrice factor (p=0.263). However, there were statistically significant differences between groups in cycles of brushing times (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The toothpastes (containing fluoride or Aloe vera) were effective in increasing the superficial microhardness of artificial white spot lesions.
Highlights
The dental caries is a pathological process of microbiological etiology resulting in the local destruction of dental tissues by the dissolution of the mineral phase by organic acids from the bacterial fermentation
The Knoop microhardness (KHN) values significantly increased after brushing cycles compared to demineralized means
The bacteria that have been associated to caries are the Streptococcus of mutans groups, Lactobacillus spp. and among others microorganisms favored by the cariogenic conditions promoted by Streptococcus of mutans groups, such as yeasts Candida albicans, capable of surviving and proliferating in acid media[1]
Summary
The dental caries is a pathological process of microbiological etiology resulting in the local destruction of dental tissues by the dissolution of the mineral phase (mainly constituted by hydroxyapatite crystals) by organic acids from the bacterial fermentation. Characterized by an imbalance of the demineralization-remineralization processes (DE-RE), the caries disease is initiated by DE of the enamel surface. The acids fermented by the cariogenic bacteria are diffused within the enamel and dissociated in hydrogen ion (H+), promoting the reduction of the pH of the medium, as well as the dissolution of calcium phosphate from the tissues, with structural loss[2]. The visible initial alterations are displayed as opaque areas (white spots) in enamel, subject to RE3. Researchers have demonstrated the development and stopping of initial lesions of white spot in human enamel and the possibility of their RE4
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