Abstract

We quantitatively analyze the artifacts in SAR imagery due to fluctuations in the refractive index of the atmosphere. SAR image reconstruction algorithms ignore atmospheric absorption and assume unity for the refractive index of the atmosphere. We assume a complex-valued refractive index for the atmosphere and analyze the errors in reconstructed images due to absorption and fluctuations in the speed of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Absorption leads to amplitude errors which can be viewed as a filtering error. This error can be characterized as systematic variations in the ground reflectivity function. Fluctuations in the speed of EM waves lead to phase errors which manifest as positioning errors in SAR imagery.

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