Effects of Filtered Containment Venting on Fission Product Releases During CANDU Reactor Severe Accidents

Abstract

Severe accidents are of increasing concern in the nuclear industry worldwide since the accidents at Fukushima Daiichi (March 2011). These events have significant consequences that must be mitigated to ensure public and employee safety. Filtered containment venting (FCV) systems are beneficial in this context as they would help to maintain containment integrity while also reducing radionuclide releases to the environment. This paper explores the degree to which filtered containment venting would reduce fission product releases during two Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) 6 severe accident scenarios, namely a station blackout (SBO) and a large loss of coolant accident (LLOCA) (with limited emergency cooling). The effects on the progression of the severe accident and radionuclide releases to the environment are explored using the Modular Accident Analysis Program (MAAP)–CANDU integrated severe accident analysis code. The stylized filtered containment venting system model employed in this study avoids containment failure and significantly reduces radionuclide releases by 95–97% for non-noble gas fission products. Filtered containment venting is shown to be a suitable technology for the mitigation of severe accidents in CANDU, maintaining containment integrity and reducing radionuclide releases to the environment.