Abstract
Femtosecond laser has been proposed as a method for conditioning zirconia surfaces to boost bond strength. However, metallic or ceramic bracket bonding to femtosecond laser-treated zirconia surfaces has not been tested. This study compared the effects of four conditioning techniques, including femtosecond laser irradiation, on shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic and ceramic brackets to zirconia.Three hundred zirconia plates were divided into five groups: 1) control (C); 2) sandblasting (APA); 3) silica coating and silane (SC); 4) femtosecond laser (FS); 5) sandblasting followed by femtosecond laser (APA+SC). A thermal imaging camera measured temperature changes in the zirconia during irradiation. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (metallic vs ceramic brackets). SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was registered and surfaces were observed under SEM. Surface treatment and bracket type significantly affected the bracket-zirconia bond strength. SBS was significantly higher (p<0.001) for ceramic brackets in all groups (APA+FS > APA > FS > SC > control) than metallic brackets (APA+FS > FS > SC > APA > control). For metallic brackets, groups SC (5.99 ± 1.86 MPa), FS (6.72 ± 2.30 MPa) and APA+FS (7.22 ± 2.73 MPa) reported significantly higher bond strengths than other groups (p < 0.05). For ceramic brackets, the highest bond strength values were obtained in groups APA (25.01 ± 4.45 MPa), FS (23.18 ± 6.51 MPa) and APA+FS (29.22 ± 8.20 MPa).Femtosecond laser enhances bond strength of ceramic and metallic brackets to zirconia. Ceramic brackets provide significantly stronger adhesion than metallic brackets regardless of the surface treatment method.
Highlights
With the introduction of ceramic esthetic brackets, recent years have seen increased demand for orthodontic treatments that minimize the visual impact of the apparatus [1]
The Shear bond strength (SBS) results obtained for subgroups of ceramic bracket were notably greater (23.82 ± 6.67) than those obtained for metallic brackets (5.73 ± 2.24), with statistically significant differences in all the surface treatment groups (p
The present study investigated the effects of femtosecond laser irradiation on the shear bond strength of both metallic and ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia surfaces, comparing this surface treatment with other treatments: air-particle abrasion and silica coating
Summary
With the introduction of ceramic esthetic brackets, recent years have seen increased demand for orthodontic treatments that minimize the visual impact of the apparatus [1]. Especially zirconia, are excellent materials for dental restoration, and bonding to these materials has been widely studied [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Due to the properties of these ceramic materials, bonding brackets to their surfaces can be complicated [4]. For this reason, it is necessary to determine a bonding protocol that is available to all clinicians, and will achieve efficient and durable bracket-zirconia bonding. An ideal zirconia surface treatment–one that will provide sufficient bond strength to minimize bracket debonding from zirconia surfaces–has not yet been established
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